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Ferdinand VII of Spain
Ferdinand VII ((スペイン語:Fernando VII de Borbón); 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death. He was known to his supporters as "the Desired" (''el Deseado'') and to his detractors as the "Felon King" (''el Rey Felón''). After being overthrown by Napoleon in 1808 he linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain between his forces on the right and liberals on the left. He reestablished the absolutist monarchy and rejected the liberal constitution of 1812. He suppressed the liberal press 1814-33 and jailed many of its editors and writers. Spain entered into civil war on his death.
His reputation among historians is very low. Historian Stanley Payne says:
==Early life==
Ferdinand was the eldest surviving child of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma. His father being the son of Spanish King Charles III and Maria Amalia of Saxony, Ferdinand was born in the palace of El Escorial near Madrid. The Queen's confessor fray Juan Almaraz wrote in his last will that she admitted ''in articulo mortis'' that "none, none of her sons and daughters, none was of the legitimate marriage". In his youth Ferdinand occupied the position of an heir apparent who was excluded from all share in government by his parents and their favourite Godoy. National discontent with the government produced a rebellion in 1805. In October 1807, Ferdinand was arrested for his complicity in the El Escorial Conspiracy in which liberals aimed at securing foreign support from the French dictator Napoleon. When the conspiracy was discovered, Ferdinand submitted to his parents.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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